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Breathlessness, also known as dyspnea, is a common symptom associated with heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body.
Why Does Heart Failure Cause Breathlessness?
When the heart weakens in heart failure, it has trouble pumping enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This leads to fluid build-up in the lungs, making it harder to get enough oxygen. As a result, people with heart failure often feel short of breath. The body tries to compensate by speeding up the heart and changing breathing patterns, but these efforts can make breathing more difficult. The combination of a weakened heart and fluid in the lungs is what causes breathlessness and heart failure.
What Are The Common Signs And Symptoms Of Heart Failure-Related Breathlessness?
Breathlessness or shortness of breath is a common symptom of heart failure and is often associated with other signs. The severity of symptoms can vary, and they may worsen with physical activity or when lying down. Here are some common signs and symptoms of heart failure:
- Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
- Orthopnea (shortnesss of breath when lying flat)
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (waking up in the middle of the night breathless)
- Persistent coughing
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling (Oedema)
- Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat
- Poor appetite or weight loss
How Is Breathlessness In Heart Failure Diagnosed?
Breathlessness in heart failure is diagnosed through medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Healthcare professionals will inquire about symptoms, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling, and assess risk factors for heart disease. Physical examinations may include listening to the heart and lungs and checking for signs of fluid retention. Cardiac tests that can aid in the diagnosis of heart failure include:
- Echocardiogram
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG
- Chest X-ray
- Blood tests such as B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) or NT-proBNP test
What Lifestyle Changes Can Help Manage Breathlessness In Heart Failure?
Managing breathlessness in heart failure involves adopting lifestyle changes to improve overall cardiovascular health. Here are key recommendations:
- Follow a heart-healthy diet low in sodium to help control fluid retention
- Monitor fluid intake and avoid excessive consumption
- Engage in regular, moderate exercise
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Quit smoking
- Limit alcohol intake
- Take prescribed medications consistently
- Attend regular follow-up appointments
- Practice stress-reducing techniques such as relaxation exercises, meditation, or mindfulness Have sufficient and quality sleep
What Medications Are Commonly Prescribed For Managing Breathlessness In Heart Failure?
There are different types of heart failure – heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. There are 4 classes of drugs that act as the pillars for heart failure therapy with reduced ejection fraction that serve to improve symptoms and cardiovascular outcomes as well as reduce mortality. These include beta-blockers, angiotensive receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, aldosterone antagonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Diuretics are also used to reduce water retention in patients with heart failure. Consult your doctor to discuss what treatments are appropriate for you.
When Should I Seek Immediate Medical Attention For Breathlessness In Case Of Heart Failure?
Seek immediate medical attention for breathlessness in heart failure if it suddenly worsens or is severe at rest. If breathlessness is accompanied by chest pain, especially radiating to the arms or jaw, or if symptoms persist despite medications, prompt evaluation is crucial. Additionally, urgent medical help is needed if there is sudden and severe swelling, particularly in the legs, ankles, or abdomen, or if breathlessness is coupled with changes in mental alertness.
